Tempera

Tempera is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder medium, usually glutinous material such as egg yolk. There are several types of tempera paint, but the type containing egg yolk is called egg tempera. Tempera paint made from milk protein is called casein paint.

If the binder is synthetic PVA, the result is polyvinyl acetate tempera.
A distemper paint consisting of pigment and binders such as cornstarch, gum arabic and other gums is called poster paint in certain parts of the world, and it is also often confusingly referred to as "tempera paint", although the binders in this paint are different from traditional egg tempera paints and the visual effect is more like gouache.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · Public domain